Who Did Nicodemus Heal? Biblical Figures & More


Who Did Nicodemus Heal? Biblical Figures & More

The Gospel of John introduces Nicodemus as a Pharisee and member of the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council. He’s portrayed as a curious and inquisitive particular person who sought a deeper understanding of Jesus’s teachings. His nocturnal go to to Jesus suggests a cautious method, maybe resulting from his excessive social standing and the potential repercussions of associating with a controversial determine. The textual content focuses on his theological dialogue with Jesus about religious rebirth, relatively than any bodily therapeutic acts carried out by Nicodemus.

Nicodemus’s encounter with Jesus highlights the significance of religious transformation. His questions and Jesus’s responses delve into the character of religion and the dominion of God. The story serves as a key passage for understanding the idea of being “born once more” in Christian theology. Later in John’s Gospel, Nicodemus defends Jesus to the opposite Pharisees and assists Joseph of Arimathea in making ready Jesus’s physique for burial, indicating a rising perception in Jesus regardless of the social and political dangers. This evolving religion trajectory demonstrates the facility of Jesus’s message and its influence on those that encountered him.

Whereas the Gospels do not depict Nicodemus as a healer, his story opens avenues for exploring varied associated subjects. These embrace the function of questioning and in search of in religion, the intersection of spiritual authority and private perception, and the transformative energy of religious encounters. Analyzing Nicodemus’s character and his interactions with Jesus gives useful perception into the non secular and social context of first-century Palestine and the challenges of embracing new religious understandings.

1. Religious Looking for

Nicodemus’s encounter with Jesus serves as a major instance of religious in search of. His story, whereas not targeted on bodily therapeutic, revolves round a deeper quest for understanding and religious transformation. This pursuit of fact, regardless of his excessive social standing and the potential dangers concerned, gives a framework for understanding the character of religious in search of inside a non secular context.

  • Curiosity and Inquiry

    Nicodemus’s nocturnal go to suggests a cautious but real curiosity about Jesus’s teachings. He poses considerate questions, demonstrating a willingness to interact with unfamiliar concepts. This energetic inquiry is a trademark of religious in search of, the place people transfer past established norms to discover new views and deepen their understanding.

  • Openness to New Concepts

    Nicodemus demonstrates an openness to difficult his present beliefs. He acknowledges Jesus as a trainer from God, indicating a receptivity to different interpretations of spiritual fact. This willingness to contemplate new views is important for religious development and transformation, because it permits people to maneuver past preconceived notions and embrace new understandings.

  • Danger-Taking and Vulnerability

    As a Pharisee and member of the Sanhedrin, Nicodemus risked his popularity and social standing by associating with Jesus. This willingness to step exterior his consolation zone and embrace vulnerability underscores the dedication concerned in real religious in search of. True seekers typically face opposition or social strain as they problem established norms and pursue a deeper understanding of their beliefs.

  • Transformation and Progress

    Whereas the Gospel of John doesn’t explicitly element Nicodemus’s full religious journey, his later actions, similar to defending Jesus and aiding together with his burial, counsel a unbroken evolution in his beliefs. This ongoing transformation highlights the potential for development inherent in religious in search of. The pursuit of fact and that means can result in profound private modifications and a deeper reference to one’s religion.

Nicodemus’s story underscores the significance of religious in search of as a strategy of inquiry, openness, risk-taking, and in the end, transformation. Whereas his interplay with Jesus doesn’t contain bodily therapeutic, it exemplifies a deeper healinga religious awakening that results in a extra profound understanding of religion and a higher dedication to fact, even within the face of adversity.

2. No Recorded Healings

An important side of understanding Nicodemus’s function within the Gospel narrative includes recognizing the absence of any accounts of him performing healings. This distinction units him aside from different figures within the Gospels who’re related to miraculous acts of therapeutic. Analyzing this lack of therapeutic exercise gives additional perception into Nicodemus’s main focus and his evolving relationship with Jesus.

  • Emphasis on Dialogue and Discourse

    Nicodemus’s interactions with Jesus primarily revolve round dialogue and theological dialogue. His nocturnal go to and the next dialog about religious rebirth spotlight his mental curiosity and his need to know Jesus’s teachings on a deeper stage. This emphasis on discourse, relatively than bodily therapeutic, means that Nicodemus’s main curiosity lay in exploring the religious and theological dimensions of Jesus’s message. The Gospel of John portrays him as a seeker of knowledge and understanding, partaking with Jesus by means of questions and considerate reflection.

  • Give attention to Interior Transformation

    The absence of therapeutic narratives surrounding Nicodemus aligns with the Gospel of John’s emphasis on internal transformation. The idea of being “born once more” mentioned within the dialog between Jesus and Nicodemus factors in the direction of a religious rebirth relatively than bodily therapeutic. This give attention to internal change means that Nicodemus’s encounter with Jesus was primarily involved with the renewal of the spirit and the event of a deeper relationship with God. This inward focus differentiates Nicodemus from those that sought Jesus primarily for bodily cures.

  • Growing Religion Journey

    Nicodemus’s story unfolds as a journey of creating religion. His preliminary cautious method, marked by the nighttime go to, evolves right into a extra open acknowledgment of Jesus’s authority and in the end culminates in his help with Jesus’s burial. This development of religion, whereas circuitously associated to bodily therapeutic, demonstrates the profound influence of Jesus’s teachings on Nicodemus’s life. His rising perception, manifested in his actions, highlights the transformative energy of religious encounters.

  • Distinction with Different Figures

    The absence of therapeutic accounts associated to Nicodemus contrasts sharply with the quite a few therapeutic miracles carried out by Jesus and the apostles. This distinction underscores the distinctive function Nicodemus performs within the Gospel narrative. He serves for instance of somebody drawn to Jesus not for bodily therapeutic, however for religious enlightenment. His story highlights the various methods through which people interacted with Jesus and the multifaceted nature of his ministry, which prolonged past bodily therapeutic to embody religious steerage and transformation.

The dearth of recorded healings related to Nicodemus reinforces the concept that his significance lies in his religious in search of and his evolving relationship with Jesus. His story provides a useful perspective on the various methods through which people engaged with Jesus’s teachings and the transformative potential of religious encounters, even within the absence of bodily therapeutic. His journey emphasizes the significance of internal transformation and the pursuit of religious understanding as central themes within the Gospel of John.

3. Give attention to Rebirth

The pivotal dialogue between Nicodemus and Jesus facilities on the idea of religious rebirth, relatively than bodily therapeutic. Nicodemus’s preliminary confusion about being “born once more” reveals a standard misunderstanding of religious transformation. Jesus clarifies that this rebirth is just not a bodily course of however a religious renewal, a shift in perspective and understanding that aligns one with the dominion of God. This emphasis on religious rebirth underscores the transformative nature of encountering Jesus, shifting past bodily illnesses to deal with the deeper wants of the human spirit. This focus distinguishes Nicodemus’s interplay with Jesus, highlighting the significance of internal change over outward cures.

The idea of religious rebirth, as introduced within the alternate with Nicodemus, serves as a cornerstone of Christian theology. It emphasizes the need of a basic change in a single’s relationship with God, shifting from a state of religious darkness to certainly one of enlightenment. This transformative course of is just not about bodily therapeutic however a few renewed understanding of God and one’s place within the divine order. Examples all through Christian historical past illustrate this transformative energy, from the conversions of early church figures like Paul the Apostle to modern testimonials of people experiencing a renewed sense of objective and that means by means of religion. These examples exhibit the enduring relevance of religious rebirth as a path to private transformation.

Understanding the give attention to religious rebirth within the Nicodemus narrative provides useful insights into the character of true therapeutic and transformation. Whereas bodily therapeutic addresses speedy bodily wants, the idea of being “born once more” speaks to a deeper, extra enduring change throughout the human spirit. This emphasis challenges standard notions of therapeutic, increasing its scope past the bodily realm to embody the religious and emotional dimensions of human expertise. Recognizing this broader perspective on therapeutic enriches our understanding of the Nicodemus story and its implications for religious development and transformation. It reinforces the concept that true therapeutic includes not simply the physique, however the entire individual.

4. Dialogue with Jesus

Nicodemus’s encounter with Jesus, primarily characterised by dialogue relatively than actions, provides a novel perspective on the character of Jesus’s ministry and the various methods people interacted with him. This dialogue, centered on religious rebirth relatively than bodily therapeutic, underscores the significance of in search of deeper understanding and interesting in considerate discourse as a path to religious transformation. Analyzing the particular aspects of this dialog reveals its significance throughout the broader context of the Gospel narrative and its implications for understanding “who did Nicodemus attempt to heal” in a religious sense.

  • Looking for Religious Understanding

    Nicodemus initiates the dialogue with Jesus, demonstrating a proactive pursuit of religious information. His questions reveal a real need to know Jesus’s teachings, going past superficial interpretations. This energetic in search of displays a craving for deeper that means and a willingness to interact in difficult conversations to attain religious development. This side highlights the significance of mental curiosity and the pursuit of knowledge within the journey of religion, contrasting with those that sought Jesus solely for bodily therapeutic.

  • Theological Discourse and Debate

    The dialog between Jesus and Nicodemus delves into advanced theological ideas, similar to religious rebirth and the dominion of God. This discourse strikes past easy questions and solutions, partaking with summary concepts and difficult standard understandings. This mental alternate emphasizes the significance of grappling with theological ideas as a method of religious development. It positions Nicodemus as a considerate inquirer, in search of deeper that means past the speedy and tangible, not like these targeted on bodily illnesses.

  • Difficult Present Beliefs

    Jesus’s responses to Nicodemus’s questions typically problem present non secular paradigms. The idea of being “born once more” confronts conventional Jewish understandings of beginning and lineage, prompting Nicodemus to rethink his personal beliefs. This problem to established norms highlights the transformative potential of dialogue with Jesus. It means that true religious development typically requires a willingness to query present assumptions and embrace new views, a course of distinct from in search of bodily cures.

  • Gradual Understanding and Transformation

    Whereas Nicodemus doesn’t instantly grasp the total implications of Jesus’s teachings, the dialogue units him on a path of religious growth. His later actions, similar to defending Jesus earlier than the Sanhedrin and aiding together with his burial, counsel a gradual understanding and acceptance of Jesus’s message. This progressive transformation underscores the facility of dialogue to form beliefs and affect actions over time. It positions Nicodemus’s journey as certainly one of evolving religion, distinct from these in search of speedy bodily therapeutic.

The dialogue between Nicodemus and Jesus reveals a give attention to religious transformation relatively than bodily therapeutic. Nicodemus’s pursuit of understanding, the theological depth of the dialog, the problem to present beliefs, and the ensuing gradual transformation all level to a unique sort of healinga therapeutic of the internal individual, a reorientation of the spirit. This give attention to religious rebirth underscores the multifaceted nature of Jesus’s ministry and provides an important lens by means of which to interpret Nicodemus’s function within the Gospel narrative, one which prioritizes internal transformation over outward cures. It clarifies that the query of “who did Nicodemus attempt to heal” is greatest understood not when it comes to bodily illnesses, however within the context of his personal religious journey and his evolving understanding of Jesus’s message.

5. Rising Perception

Nicodemus’s story, although not centered on bodily therapeutic, reveals a profound journey of rising perception. This creating religion, evidenced by means of his interactions with Jesus, gives an important lens for understanding “who did Nicodemus attempt to heal” in a religious sense. His evolving understanding of Jesus’s message and his rising willingness to behave on his convictions exhibit a transformative course of akin to therapeutic a therapeutic of doubt, concern, and religious uncertainty. This exploration delves into the aspects of Nicodemus’s rising perception and its implications for his religious transformation.

  • Preliminary Curiosity and Inquiry

    Nicodemus’s preliminary clandestine assembly with Jesus signifies an embryonic stage of perception, marked by curiosity and a cautious exploration of recent religious concepts. His questions, whereas tentative, exhibit a willingness to interact with Jesus’s teachings, suggesting an openness to religious development. This preliminary inquisitiveness lays the groundwork for a deeper exploration of religion, contrasting with those that method Jesus solely for bodily therapeutic. His in search of signifies a need for one thing extra profound than a bodily remedy.

  • Protection earlier than the Sanhedrin

    Nicodemus’s subsequent protection of Jesus earlier than the Sanhedrin marks a major step in his rising perception. His willingness to talk up, even within the face of potential opposition from his friends, demonstrates an rising conviction in Jesus’s authority and message. This act of braveness signifies a deepening dedication to fact and a rising willingness to face up for his beliefs, going past the mere pursuit of bodily treatments. It signifies a shift from mental curiosity to public affirmation.

  • Participation in Jesus’s Burial

    Nicodemus’s participation in Jesus’s burial, alongside Joseph of Arimathea, reveals a profound act of devotion and solidifies his rising perception. Offering spices and aiding with the burial rites signify not solely respect for Jesus but in addition an acceptance of his teachings and a willingness to establish with him, even in dying. This act of service underscores a deep dedication to Jesus’s message, transcending the pursuit of bodily therapeutic and embracing a religious identification with Jesus’s sacrifice.

  • From Seeker to Disciple

    Nicodemus’s journey exemplifies a transition from cautious seeker to dedicated disciple. His preliminary curiosity evolves right into a willingness to defend Jesus and in the end take part in his burial. This development displays a deepening understanding of Jesus’s teachings and a rising identification together with his message of religious transformation. This transformative journey, whereas not targeted on bodily therapeutic, reveals a profound therapeutic of the spirit a motion from doubt to religion, from concern to braveness, and from religious uncertainty to a agency conviction in Jesus’s message.

Nicodemus’s rising perception reveals a “therapeutic” strategy of a unique form. Whereas he sought no bodily remedy, his journey displays a profound religious transformation. His rising religion, evidenced by his actions, demonstrates a shift from mental curiosity to brave dedication. This transformation underscores the concept that “who did Nicodemus attempt to heal” is greatest understood within the context of his personal religious journey, a journey marked by a rising perception in Jesus and a deepening understanding of his message of religious rebirth. This internal transformation, whereas much less seen than bodily therapeutic, represents a profound and enduring change, a therapeutic of the spirit that in the end shapes Nicodemus’s id and objective.

6. Later Defends Jesus

Nicodemus’s later protection of Jesus earlier than the Sanhedrin provides an important hyperlink to understanding the sort of “therapeutic” he sought. Whereas not a healer himself, his evolving relationship with Jesus suggests a private transformation akin to a therapeutic of doubt and concern. Initially approaching Jesus below the quilt of evening, Nicodemus later speaks overtly in Jesus’s protection, demonstrating a major shift in his perspective. This act of braveness, risking his popularity and social standing throughout the Jewish ruling council, signifies a rising conviction in Jesus’s message. This conviction might be interpreted as a type of religious therapeutic, shifting from a spot of uncertainty and apprehension to certainly one of boldness and conviction. This transformation mirrors a therapeutic course of, the place preliminary concern and doubt give strategy to confidence and readability. His protection of Jesus suggests he discovered a unique sort of therapeutic inside himself a therapeutic of his personal religious understanding and a bolstering of his braveness to face for what he believed.

The importance of this protection lies in its distinction with Nicodemus’s preliminary warning. His earlier secretive encounter with Jesus suggests a concern of social repercussions. Nonetheless, his later public protection demonstrates a newfound braveness, a willingness to prioritize fact over private consolation and social acceptance. This transformation resonates with the experiences of people all through historical past who’ve discovered the energy to talk out in opposition to injustice or problem established norms, typically at nice private danger. Examples embrace people like Martin Luther, who challenged the Catholic Church regardless of the specter of excommunication, or Rosa Parks, whose brave act sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott. These acts of defiance, pushed by conviction and a dedication to fact, mirror Nicodemus’s protection of Jesus, highlighting the transformative energy of perception and the therapeutic of concern.

Nicodemus’s protection of Jesus, although a seemingly small act, carries profound implications for understanding his religious journey. It signifies a therapeutic of inside battle, a motion from trepidation to braveness, and a rising dedication to fact. Whereas he didn’t search or carry out bodily therapeutic, his story highlights a unique sort of transformation a therapeutic of the spirit, a strengthening of conviction, and a willingness to behave on his beliefs regardless of the potential penalties. This inside transformation underscores the broader theme of therapeutic current all through the Gospels, extending past bodily cures to embody the therapeutic of the thoughts, spirit, and relationships. This understanding gives useful perception into the character of true transformation and the various methods through which people expertise therapeutic of their encounters with religion.

7. Burial of Jesus

Nicodemus’s participation in Jesus’s burial, alongside Joseph of Arimathea, provides a robust lens by means of which to interpret the query of “who did Nicodemus attempt to heal.” Whereas not concerned in bodily therapeutic, Nicodemus’s actions exhibit a unique sort of restoration a therapeutic of his personal concern and doubt, manifested in a brave act of devotion to Jesus. This act, occurring after Jesus’s dying, signifies a profound shift in Nicodemus’s understanding and dedication, shifting past mental curiosity to energetic participation in honoring Jesus. His function within the burial gives an important concluding ingredient in his religious transformation, signifying a deeper sort of therapeutic than the bodily cures sought by others who encountered Jesus.

  • Public Declaration of Perception

    Getting ready Jesus’s physique for burial was a public act, requiring braveness and conviction, particularly given the potential repercussions from the Sanhedrin. Nicodemus’s involvement signified a willingness to overtly establish with Jesus, even in dying, demonstrating a major evolution from his earlier secretive go to. This public declaration mirrors acts of religion all through historical past the place people have risked social ostracism or persecution for his or her beliefs, suggesting a profound therapeutic of inside battle and a newfound braveness to precise his religion overtly.

  • Honoring the Deceased Instructor

    Jewish burial customs emphasised the significance of honoring the deceased. Nicodemus’s provision of a big amount of spices and his help in making ready the physique exhibit a deep respect for Jesus, acknowledging him not simply as a trainer however as somebody worthy of reverence. This act of respect transcends a easy adherence to custom and signifies a private connection to Jesus, suggesting a therapeutic of doubt and uncertainty and a deepening dedication to Jesus’s message.

  • Acceptance of Jesus’s Sacrifice

    Collaborating in Jesus’s burial might be interpreted as an acceptance of his sacrifice and the implications of his dying. By aiding within the burial, Nicodemus implicitly acknowledges the importance of Jesus’s crucifixion, shifting past mere mental curiosity to embrace the core tenets of Jesus’s message. This acceptance signifies a religious therapeutic, a decision of inside battle and a willingness to embrace the transformative energy of Jesus’s sacrifice.

  • Completion of Religious Transformation

    Nicodemus’s involvement within the burial serves because the end result of his religious journey. His preliminary warning and mental inquiry remodel into brave motion and public devotion. This development signifies an entire religious therapeutic, a motion from darkness to gentle, from concern to braveness, and from doubt to conviction. This transformative course of, though totally different from bodily therapeutic, represents a profound and enduring change inside Nicodemus, marking the completion of his religious journey and the therapeutic of his personal religious struggles.

Nicodemus’s function in Jesus’s burial gives a robust concluding picture of his religious transformation. Whereas he didn’t search or carry out bodily healings, his actions exhibit a unique sort of therapeutic a therapeutic of doubt, concern, and religious uncertainty. By collaborating within the burial, Nicodemus publicly declares his perception, honors Jesus, accepts his sacrifice, and completes his religious transformation. This act, greater than any bodily remedy, reveals the profound influence of Jesus on Nicodemus’s life and gives a poignant reply to the query of “who did Nicodemus attempt to heal” in the end, himself. His journey exemplifies the transformative energy of religion and the potential for profound internal therapeutic by means of religious encounter.

Often Requested Questions on Nicodemus

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning Nicodemus, specializing in his function within the Gospel of John and clarifying potential misconceptions concerning his interactions with Jesus.

Query 1: Did Nicodemus carry out any healings within the Bible?

No, the Gospels don’t depict Nicodemus performing any acts of bodily therapeutic. His story facilities on religious in search of and transformation.

Query 2: Why is Nicodemus vital if he did not heal anybody?

Nicodemus’s significance lies in his religious journey. His encounter with Jesus exemplifies the idea of religious rebirth and the transformative energy of partaking with difficult religious concepts.

Query 3: What’s the significance of Nicodemus’s nocturnal go to to Jesus?

The nighttime go to suggests Nicodemus’s preliminary warning and maybe a priority for his popularity. It highlights the social and political dangers related to associating with Jesus at the moment.

Query 4: How did Nicodemus’s relationship with Jesus evolve?

Nicodemus’s preliminary warning transforms into open help. He later defends Jesus earlier than the Sanhedrin and participates in his burial, demonstrating a rising dedication to Jesus’s message.

Query 5: What does Nicodemus’s story educate about religious in search of?

Nicodemus’s story emphasizes the significance of questioning, openness to new concepts, and the pursuit of religious fact, even within the face of social strain or danger.

Query 6: How does Nicodemus’s story relate to the idea of therapeutic?

Whereas not a bodily healer, Nicodemus undergoes a private transformation, a sort of religious therapeutic. His journey demonstrates a therapeutic of doubt, concern, and religious uncertainty by means of his rising perception in Jesus.

Nicodemus’s story, although not targeted on bodily therapeutic, provides useful insights into religious transformation and the various methods people encountered Jesus. His journey highlights the significance of in search of deeper that means and embracing the potential for internal change.

Additional exploration of associated subjects can deepen understanding of the historic and theological context of Nicodemus’s story.

Suggestions for Understanding Nicodemus’s Religious Journey

The following tips provide steerage for deciphering the story of Nicodemus throughout the broader context of the Gospel of John, specializing in his religious in search of relatively than bodily therapeutic.

Tip 1: Give attention to Interior Transformation: Nicodemus’s story emphasizes religious development, not bodily cures. Focus on his evolving understanding of Jesus’s teachings and his rising willingness to behave on his beliefs. Think about how his journey displays a “therapeutic” of doubt, concern, and religious uncertainty.

Tip 2: Acknowledge the Significance of Dialogue: Nicodemus’s interactions with Jesus primarily contain dialog and theological debate. Analyze the content material and context of those dialogues to know his evolving perspective on religious issues. Acknowledge the significance of discourse in religious in search of and transformation.

Tip 3: Think about the Social and Political Context: Nicodemus’s place as a Pharisee and member of the Sanhedrin provides complexity to his interactions with Jesus. Think about the dangers he took by associating with Jesus and the way this context influences his actions and selections.

Tip 4: Analyze the Symbolism of the Nocturnal Go to: Nicodemus’s preliminary clandestine assembly with Jesus suggests a cautious method, maybe pushed by concern of social repercussions. Discover the symbolism of this nighttime go to and its implications for understanding his evolving religion.

Tip 5: Distinction Nicodemus with Different Figures: Examine and distinction Nicodemus’s interactions with Jesus to these of people in search of bodily therapeutic. This comparability highlights the range of encounters with Jesus and the totally different motivations behind them.

Tip 6: Mirror on the Idea of Religious Rebirth: The dialogue between Nicodemus and Jesus emphasizes the idea of being “born once more.” Discover the theological implications of this idea and its relevance to Nicodemus’s religious journey. Think about how this religious rebirth represents a unique sort of therapeutic.

Tip 7: Look at the Significance of the Burial: Nicodemus’s participation in Jesus’s burial demonstrates a public affirmation of his perception. Mirror on the importance of this act and its function in finishing Nicodemus’s religious transformation. Think about this act as an indication of his healed religious state.

By making use of the following tips, readers can achieve a deeper appreciation for the complexities of Nicodemus’s story and its profound implications for understanding religious in search of and transformation throughout the Gospel narrative. His journey exemplifies the potential for profound internal change and provides a useful mannequin for these in search of a deeper understanding of religion.

These insights into Nicodemus’s expertise pave the way in which for a concluding reflection on the character of religious in search of and the various paths to therapeutic and transformation.

Conclusion

Exploration of “who did Nicodemus attempt to heal” reveals a spotlight not on bodily illnesses, however on a profound religious transformation. His journey, marked by preliminary warning and culminating in brave acts of religion, highlights a unique sort of therapeutic a therapeutic of doubt, concern, and religious uncertainty. His nocturnal go to, the dialogue with Jesus regarding religious rebirth, his subsequent protection of Jesus earlier than the Sanhedrin, and in the end, his participation in Jesus’s burial, all level to a progressive strengthening of conviction and a deepening understanding of Jesus’s message. This inside transformation, although much less seen than bodily therapeutic, represents a profound and enduring change, shaping Nicodemus’s id and objective.

Nicodemus’s story serves as a testomony to the facility of religious in search of and the transformative potential of partaking with difficult theological ideas. It encourages reflection on the various methods people encounter religion and the multifaceted nature of therapeutic. His journey invitations additional exploration of the complexities of perception, the braveness required to face for fact, and the enduring influence of religious encounters on the human expertise. The pursuit of religious understanding, as exemplified by Nicodemus, stays a related and highly effective power in shaping human lives and fostering a deeper reference to the divine.